Organization in the Living World-Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.How food and water is transported in plants?
Answer.
In plants food and water is transported through vascular tissue phloem and xylem.
Question 2. What do you mean by meristematic region?
Answer.
Growth in plants is limited to certain areas like apex, internodes, which are called meristematic regions.
Question 3. Site two major differences between plants and animals.
Answer.
(i) Plants are stationary i.e. they don’t move while animals move around,
(ii) Plant prepare their own food by photosynthesis while animals directly or
indirectly depend on plants.
Question 4. Why do animals show movement?
Answer.
Animals show movement in search of food, mates and shelter.
Question 5. What is cambium?
Answer.
Cambium is lateral meristem present in root and stem which increases the girth of plant.
Question 6. Why the cells of meristematic region have dense cytoplasm and prominent nuclei?
Answer.
Because they always remain in the stage of division and divide rapidly.
Question 7. Match the following –
(a) Chlorenchyma |
(i) Buoyancy |
(b) Aerenchyma |
(ii) Photosynthesis |
Answer. (a) – (ii), (b) – (i)
Question 8.
In the given figure label the following-(a), (b)(c)
Answer.
(a) Epidermal cell
(b) Stomata
(c) Guard cell
Question 9. What is the role of ciliated columnar epithelium cells in respiratory tract?
Answer.
The cilia are hair like projections present on the outer surface of respiratory tract and their movement pushes mucus forward in the respiratory tract.
Question 10. Why we can’t bend our arm like our ear?
Answer.
The bones of arm are composed of strong and non-flexible tissue but our ears contain highly flexible cartilage thus, we can’t bend our arm like ears.
Question 11. What are the two important functions of stomata?
Answer.
The two main functions of stomata are
(i) Exchange of gases
(ii) Loss of water in the form of water vapour or transpiration.
Question 12. How do desert plants prevent water loss from aerial parts?
Answer.
The waxy, water resistant layer cuticle present on the aerial parts helps the desert plants to prevent loss of water through transpiration.
Question 13. What are the functions of parenchyma?
Answer.
The main functions of parenchyma are
(i) Formation of ground tissue
(ii) Storage of food material.
Question 14. What is the most characteristic feature of land plants which made their survival possible in terrestrial habitat?
Answer.
Presence of vascular tissues xylem and phloem which helps in conduction of water and food respectively is the characteristic feature of land plants.
Question 15. How do water reaches to leaves and other parts in tallest plants Sequoia gigantia (Red wood tree)?
Answer. Xylem vessels and tracheids help in conduction of water upto the leaves and other parts of Redwood tree.
Question 16.How do animals move?
Answer.
A functional combination of nervous tissue and muscular tissue help in the movement of animals. In response to a stimulus the nerve impulse travels up to neurons which give instructions to the related body part (muscular tissue) in the form of impulse and the body part shows movement.
Question 17. Match the following-
A B
(a) Nerve cells (i) Protection
(b) Muscle cells (ii) Carry messages
(c) Blood (iii) Movement
(d) Epithelial cells (iv) Transport of oxygen
Answer.
(a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
Question 18. Why do blood appears red? How oxygen is carried out by it?
Answer.
Blood appears red due to presence of a red coloured pigment called hemoglobin. Hemoglobin combines with oxygen to form a stable compound oxyhemoglobin which is carried to different parts of the body. Thus oxygen reaches to the various tissues of the body through blood.
Question 19. A brain injury is considered more critical case than injury in any other body part. Why?
Answer.
All the cells of our body could divide and regenerate. So, in case of any injury the cells regenerate and repair themselves and thereby body parts. But nerve cells or neurons lack the power of regeneration. So, brain injury is considered more critical than any other injury.
Question 20.
(i) What are A and B
(ii) What are (a) and (b)
(iii) Name the process by which B forms sugar.
Answer. (i)
A is Root and B is Leaves
Answer (ii)
(a) is Xylem and (b) is Phloem
Answer (iii)
Photosynthesis
Question 21. What are the main functions of RBCs (erythrocytes), WBCs (leucocyte) and blood platelets?
Answer.
The main functions of RBCs, WBCs and platelets are:-
(i) RBCs – To carry oxygen to various tissues of the body.
(ii) WBCs – Producing antibodies to fight antigens produced by germs.
Platelets – Helps in coagulation of blood during injury.
Question 22. What is differentiation’?
Answer.
The cells formed by meristematic tissue in plants lose the ability to divide and take up specific role and form permanent tissue. This process of taking up a permanent shape, size and function is called differentiation.
Questiom 23. How parenchyma is different from collenchyma ?
Answer.
The differences between parenchyma and collenchyma are
(i) Parenchymatous cells are loosely packed with large intercellular: .paces between them but collenchymatous cells have little intercellular spaces.
(ii) Parenchymatous cells lack thickenings a corners while collenchymatous cells have thickenings of pectin and cellulose ax corners.
Question 24. How the bark of the tree is formed?
Answer.
As the plant grows old, the epidermal cells are replaced by secondary meristem. This secondary meristem cuts off cells towards outside to form thick cork which is composed of dead, compact and arranged cells without intercellular spaces and deposition of suberin in their walls. This layer is called bark of the tree.